Users unable to access site collection home page, even with permissions assigned

Hello all!

First post, so I hope I'm in the correct forum! :)

I have a SP 2010 Enterprise environment, version 14.0.6131.5003.

A site owner was adjusting permissions to their site, and accidentally removed all permissions for all non-owner users from the top-level site.  The site owner added the SharePoint user groups back and assigned permissions, but users are now not able to access the top-level site home page (default.aspx).  Site collection administrators and anyone in the Owners group can access the page without issue.

Users can access any content within the site, given they have access assigned and they have the direct URL to the object.

I have checked the URL logs and I'm seeing the following:

06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8e2sMediumUnknown SPRequest error occurred. More information: 0x800700051f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral72k4Medium<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8
06/21/2013 13:58:54.02w3wp.exe (0x0898)0x0940SharePoint FoundationGeneral8kh7High<nativehr>0x80070005</nativehr><nativestack></nativestack>1f86e48a-d8ba-43d1-9657-ddb54a590de8

I have tried to create new permission levels, deleted and re-inserted permission assignments, restarted IIS, recycled the app pool, restarted the SP timer job, confirmed that users have at least 'Read' access to the Master Pages Gallery, changed the home page to another .aspx page.

Nothing has worked and I am running out of ideas and related articles I can find online.

Any thoughts or suggestions would be greatly appreciated!  :)